Malaria is a lethal ailment caused by Plasmodium parasite that spreads through bites of Anopheles mosquitoes.
This disease is prevalent in various tropical and subtropical nations, especially in Africa, Asia, and South America.
Mosquitoes are typically classified as “vegetarian” species, as they primarily feed on nectar and fruit juices. However, during pregnancy, they will seek out human blood as a source of nutrients necessary for the growth of their eggs. This article focuses on the causes, transmission, prevalence, and spread of malaria.
What Causes Malaria?
The Plasmodium parasite is responsible for causing malaria. In humans, five strains of Plasmodium can induce malaria, with Plasmodium falciparum being the deadliest. The parasite infects individuals through bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. After the mosquito bites, it injects the parasite into the bloodstream, which migrates to the liver and replicates.
How is Malaria transmitted?
Malaria spreads through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. These mosquitoes bite mostly between dusk and dawn. When mosquitoes sting individuals, they inject the malaria parasite into the bloodstream. The parasite enters the liver, where it multiplies before returning to the bloodstream, causing malaria’s typical symptoms.
Where is Malaria most common?
Malaria is rampant in tropical and subtropical countries, primarily in Africa, Asia, and South America. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 229 million malaria cases were reported worldwide in 2019, and most cases occurred in sub-Saharan Africa. Children under five years of age are more vulnerable to this disease, with approximately two-thirds of all malaria fatalities occurring in this age group.
How Does Malaria Spread?
Malaria spreads rapidly in regions with high mosquito populations and where people have limited access to effective treatment and prevention measures. Therefore, malaria is widespread in rural areas of developing countries, where poverty and inadequate sanitation make it challenging to curb the spread of the disease. Although rare, malaria can also spread through blood transfusions and the sharing of needles.
Is Malaria a Virus?
No, malaria is not a virus. It results from a parasite called Plasmodium. Unlike viruses that reproduce within host cells, Plasmodium can reproduce both inside and outside the host’s cells. Moreover, malaria is not contagious and cannot spread from person to person through casual contact.
In conclusion, malaria is a fatal disease that spreads through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. It is rampant in tropical and subtropical countries, particularly in Africa, Asia, and South America. The disease can spread quickly in areas with a high mosquito population and limited access to effective treatment and prevention measures. Although malaria is not a virus, it is a severe public health issue that necessitates global attention and action to reduce its impact on vulnerable populations.